2.1 Introduction to the (OSCQR) Rubric

This chapter introduces the SUNY Course Quality Review (OSCQR) rubric. The OSCQR rubric provides a comprehensive framework for evaluating and improving the quality of online courses based on research-based best practices. Many higher education institutions use this rubric to ensure the quality of their online courses. 

2.1.1 About the SUNY Online Quality Review (OSCQR) Rubric

The SUNY Online Course Quality Review (OSCQR) Rubric is an openly licensed course review tool developed by SUNY Online in collaboration with SUNY campuses. It is designed to ensure that online and blended courses are learner-centered, providing inclusive learning experiences that prioritize learners’ needs, goals, and preferences to engage learners and promote their learning. This tool aims to help faculty regularly review and improve their online courses to reflect best practices. The rubric was developed based on several education theories and models, including the Community of Inquiry model,  Seven Principles for Good Practice in Undergraduate Education, Adult Learning Theory, and Bloom’s Taxonomy.

2.1.2 New Version 4.1 OSCQR Rubric: Adding COIL Standards

According to SUNY COIL Center, Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) is an approach that brings students and professors together across cultures to learn, discuss and collaborate as part of their class. For instance, as shown in Figure 2-1 provided by SUNY COIL Center, professors from the same or different discipline at two institutions partner to design the experience, and students partner to complete the activities designed such as discussions and projects. COIL becomes part of the class, enabling all students to have significant intercultural experience within their course of study. SUNY COIL Center provides detailed explanation of the components of a COIL module, how a COIL model developed, and a self-check quiz related to COIL.

2.1.3 Why OSCQR?

The OSCQR rubric provides standards for faculty to follow when designing a new online course or redesigning existing ones. Faculty can use the rubric to self-assess their courses and make improvements.

The OSCQR rubric is widely used in higher education institutions for two main reasons:

1. All the 50 standards in the rubric address online course design. As long as an online course meets all the standards, the course is considered high-quality and engaging.
2. This rubric is designed to support online course development and improvements at different stages. Faculty can refer to the rubric when they are designing a new course, redesigning an existing course, or simply reviewing best practices and identifying areas for ongoing improvement in their courses. The rubric does not include a rating system.

2.1.3 How to Get OSCQR Resources

Faculty can go to Get OSCQR to access varied OSCQR resources, including:

• 4.0 OSCQR Self-Assessment in English .pdf 
• 4.0 OSCQR Self-Assessment in Spanish
• New Version 4.1 of COIL + OSCQR standards in PDF in English
• New Version 4.1 of COIL + OSCQR standards in PDF in Spanish
• Generate your OSCQR SUNY Online Interactive Rubric – version 4.0
• Generate your OSCQR SUNY Online Interactive Dashboard – version 4.0

2.2 Introduction to RSI

The content in this section is mainly based on resources provided by the websites for SUNY OSCQR and WCET (WICHE Cooperative for Educational Technologies), is the leading organization in the practice, policy, & advocacy of digital learning in higher education.

2.2.1 What is RSI?

The U.S. Congress has differentiated distance education from correspondence education (which provides limited interactions between instructors and students), in order to determine institutional eligibility for federal financial aid. The key difference an expectation of Regular and Substantive Interaction (RSI) in distance education. In 2021, the U.S. Department of Education provided a more thorough definition of distance education with specific RSI requirements. RSI-WCET provides a detailed explanation of these requirements. In an online course, “substantive” interaction should include at least two of the following:

1. “Providing direct instruction which should be live, synchronous instruction where both the instructor and students are online and in communication at the same time. So, asynchronous lecture videos are not considered as direct instructions (WCET, 11/8/2022);”
2. “Assessing or providing feedback on a student’s coursework;”
3. “Providing information or responding to questions about the content of a course or competency;”
4. “Facilitating a group discussion regarding the content of a course or competency; or”
5. “Other instructional activities approved by the institution’s or program’s accrediting agency.”

“Regular” interaction should include both:

• Substantive interactions with students should be predictable and scheduled, for instance, scheduled office hours;
• Instructors should promptly and proactively engage in RSI upon request by students, or based on monitoring student engagement and performance in courses.

2.2.2 Why Should We Implement RSI?

According to WCET (2023), RSI compliance mattered to faculty because no one wants to be the reason that their college are not reaccredited. But implementing RSI is not just to meet federal requirements. RSI benefits faculty and students and improves the quality of online courses. RSI could benefit faculty by providing five clear forms of interactions that faculty can implement in one online course. RSI benefits online students by ensuring that one course is learner-centered and includes regular and substantive interactions between faculty and students. These interactions would help students engage in online courses without feeling isolated.

Additionally, RSI supports alignment with evidence-based practices based on the neuroscience of learning. According to CAST (2018), the plasticity of the brain suggests that frequent and formative feedback on students’ performance can strengthen the connections within our learning brains.

2.3 Details about OSCQR Rubric

The Version 4.0 OSCQR rubric includes six sections describing essential course design elements, as shown in Figure 2-2. Version 4.1 OSCQR rubric includes COIL standards for creating online international virtual teaching and learning experiences.

2.3.1 Section 1: Overview and Information

Section 1 includes standards for course overview and important information that should be provided to online learners. To meet the standards in this section, faculty should provide clear and welcoming instructions to help learners effectively navigate the course, understand expectations, and access the necessary support and resources for a successful online learning experience. All the standards help faculty ensure clear, comprehensive, and easily accessible information about the course structure, expectations, policies, and resources right from the start.

The OSCQR section of overview and Information provides a whole list of all the standards. Faculty can click on each standard to access varied resources, including but not limited to:

• explanations of one standard in paragraphs,
• explanations of one standard in a YouTube video,
•  how one  standard supports RSI,
• general suggestions for how to meet this standard,
• examples,
• related resources

2.3.2 Section 2: Technology and Tools

Section 2 includes standards for effective integration of technology and tools in online courses. Standards within this section ensure that learners have the necessary technical skills and support to engage in designed courses. This section emphasizes clear communication of required skills, timely scaffolding of skill development, easy access to frequently used tools, inclusion of privacy policy links, and adherence to accessibility standards. To meet the requirements of this section, faculty can provide cleaner instructions related to technology and tools that they want their learners to use in the course, reduce technical barriers, and create inclusive and transparent learning environments.

The section of Technology and Tools provides a whole list of all the standards. Faculty can click on each standard to access varied resources.

2.3.3 Section 3: Design and Layout

Section 3 includes standards for ensuring clarity, readability, and accessibility of online courses. A quality online courses should be visually engaging, easy to navigate, and provide an inclusive learning environment where learners focus on the content and activities rather than struggling to find information or understand structure. By following the standards in this section, faculty could make sure their online courses are well-designed and leading to better engagement, retention, and learning outcomes.

The section of Design and Layout provides a whole list of all the standards. Faculty can click on each standard to access varied resources.

2.3.4 Section 4: Content and Activities

Section 4 includes standards for ensuring diverse and accessible course content and activities to create engaging learning experiences. All the standards in this section help faculty foster an inclusive and interactive learning environment. To meet the standards, faculty could present content in terms of lecture videos, audio files, online resources, readings including journal articles and book chapters, and so on. Faculty could facilitate discussion activities, group projects, group presentations, and other types of activities in which students can apply their knowledge, demonstrate skills, and develop critical thinking, scientific thinking, essential expertise in their discipline, and problem-solving skills.

The OSCQR section of Content and Activities provides a whole list of all the standards. Faculty can click on each standard to access varied resources.

2.3.5 Section 5: Interaction

Section 5 includes standards for establishing clear expectations for RSI and interactions between students and students and for building a sense of class community, and offering opportunities for interactions between students and collaboration among the students. To meet the standards, faculty can design dedicated discussion forums, ice-breaking activities, planned office hours, and group discussions or group presentations.

The section of Interaction provides a whole list of all the standards. Faculty can click on each standard to access varied resources.

2.3.6 Section 6: Assessment and Feedback

Section 6 includes standards for ensuring frequent and appropriate diverse types of assessments, self-assessment, peer assessment, authentic assessments, assessment criteria (rubrics, exemplary work), and effective feedback practices. To meet the standards faculty can provide clear grading policies, well-designed and up-to-date gradebook, authentic assessment in terms of case studies or semester-long projects, and frequent and constructive feedback. To continuously improve course design, one standard suggests that faculty could include course evaluation survey so that students can provide feedback on their experience in one online course and suggestions for improvements.

The section of Assessment & Feedback provides a whole list of all the standards. Faculty can click on each standard to access varied resources.

2.3.7 COIL Standards

COIL standards includes four standards, respectively addressing four aspects of collaborative online international learning: intercultural communication, cultural awareness, collaboration, and teamwork skills.

1. Learners engage in scaffolded opportunities for communication among intercultural virtual team members.
2. Learners engage in activities that help them recognize their partner’s cultural values, beliefs, and biases, as well as their own.
3. Learners construct a culturally collaborative and respectful dialogue in an international virtual team, both verbally and non-verbally.
4. Learners in cross-cultural groups build skills to organize and distribute the work in asynchronous and synchronous technology platforms.

These four aspects are essential for students to master in the workplace in future. Faculty can click on each standard on the page of COIL standards to access varied resources including the statement of each standard, explanations of the standard, and references.

2.4 Ensuring RSI

Regular and substantive interaction does not clearly define the types of activities that should be used to address its requirements. It is a lawful statement that can be loosely interpreted and can cause confusion when it comes to selecting appropriate activities and interactions. So, how can we incorporate RSI into course design?

2.4.1 Following OSCQR Standards

One effective way to implement RSI is to follow the 7 RSI standards in the OSCQR rubric. OSCQR standards 2, 3, 29, 38, 39, 41, and 43 are called regular and substantive interaction (RSI) standards, which directly address the RSI requirements.

The following seven standards are provided below. You can click each standard to see more explanations on the OSCQR website.

Seven RSI Standards

• Standard #2 – Course provides an overall orientation or overview, as well as module-level overviews to make course content, activities, assignments, due dates, interactions, and assessments, predictable and easy to navigate/find.
• Standard #3 –  Course includes a course information area and syllabus that make course expectations clear and findable.
• Standard #29 – Course offers access to a variety of engaging resources to present content, support learning and collaboration, and facilitate regular and substantive interaction with the instructor.
• Standard #38 – Regular and substantive instructor-to-student expectations, and predictable/scheduled interactions and feedback. are present, appropriate for the course length and structure, and are easy to find.
• Standard #39 – Expectations for all course interactions (instructor to student, student to student, student to instructor) are clearly stated and modeled in all course interaction/communication channels.
• Standard #41 – Course provides activities intended to build a sense of class community, support open communication, promote regular and substantive interaction, and establish trust (e.g., ice-breaking activities, Course Bulletin Board, planned Office Hours, and dedicated discussion forums).
• Standard #43 – Course provides learners with opportunities in course interactions to share resources and inject knowledge from diverse sources of information with guidance and/or standards from the instructor.

OSCQR Standards that Support RSI

OSCQR Standards 1, 6, 9, 10, 19, 30, 31, 40, 44-47, can be leveraged to support and articulate RSI.

2.4.2 Examples of RSI Compliance

Here are a few specific examples of how to account for what is considered RSI or not considered RSI with examples.

Note:  Remember, a course activity is not considered to be RSI if there is no interaction involved, or if interactions are not substantive or regular.

Additional Resources

• Regular and Substantive Interaction (RSI) Examples. The examples are obtained from the related OSCQR website.
• WCET (n.d). Regular and Substantive Interaction
• OSCQR-Informed Tools and Resources.
• OSCQR community resources for tips, suggestions, and support.
• COIL Resources

References

CAST (2018). UDL and the learning brain. Wakefield, MA: Author. Retrieved from http://www.cast.org/products-services/resources/2018/udl-learning-brain-neuroscience

WCET. (2023, February 28). Where’s the beef? Having fun teaching and ensuring regular and substantive interaction. WCET. https://wcet.wiche.edu/frontiers/2023/02/28/wheres-the-beef-having-fun-teaching-and-ensuring-rsi/

WCET (2022, November 8). Regular and substantive interaction update: Where do we go from here? WCET. https://wcet.wiche.edu/frontiers/2022/11/08/regular-substantive-interaction-update-where-do-we-go/