Appendix B: C++ Operators, Precedence, and Associativity Rules
Hussam Ghunaim, Ph.D.
C++ has many operators, precedence, and associativity rules. Below is a short list. (source: C++ built-in operators, precedence, and associativity | Microsoft Learn)
| Operator Description | Operator | Alternative |
|---|---|---|
| Group 1 precedence, no associativity | ||
| Scope resolution | :: |
|
| Group 2 precedence, left to right associativity | ||
| Function call | () |
|
| Postfix increment | ++ |
|
| Postfix decrement | -- |
|
| Static type conversion | static_cast |
|
| Group 3 precedence, right to left associativity | ||
| Size of object or type | sizeof |
|
| Prefix increment | ++ |
|
| Prefix decrement | -- |
|
| Logical not | ! |
not |
| Unary negation | - |
|
| Unary plus | + |
|
| Address-of | & |
|
| Indirection | * |
|
| Group 5 precedence, left to right associativity | ||
| Multiplication | * |
|
| Division | / |
|
| Modulus | % |
|
| Group 6 precedence, left to right associativity | ||
| Addition | + |
|
| Subtraction | - |
|
| Group 8 precedence, left to right associativity | ||
| Less than | < |
|
| Greater than | > |
|
| Less than or equal to | <= |
|
| Greater than or equal to | >= |
|
| Group 9 precedence, left to right associativity | ||
| Equality | == |
|
| Inequality | != |
not_eq |
| Group 13 precedence, left to right associativity | ||
| Logical AND | && |
and |
| Group 14 precedence, left to right associativity | ||
| Logical OR | || |
or |
| Group 15 precedence, right to left associativity | ||
| Conditional | ? : |
|
| Assignment | = |
|
| Multiplication assignment | *= |
|
| Division assignment | /= |
|
| Modulus assignment | %= |
|
| Addition assignment | += |
|
| Subtraction assignment | -= |
|
| Group 16 precedence, left to right associativity | ||
| Comma | , |
